Range. Europe, North Africa, western Asia. In Myanmar found in Chin and Shan.

Conservation status. Least Concern

Uses
Leaf, Fruit: Used as an antispasmodic, sedative, and as an emmenagogue.

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Origin

Temperate Himalayas, Khasi Hills and Manipur.

Action:

Herb—CNS depressant; reduces motor activity; analgesic, anticonvulsant.

Leaf used in nervousness, epilepsy, hysteria, asthma, chronic bronchitis.

Leaf and fruit—antispasmodic, sedative, emmenagogue.

1) DeFilipps, Robert A.; Krupnick, Gary A. / PhytoKeys, v. 102. - - p. 1 - 314,  2018.

2) Khare, C.P./ Indian Medicinal Plants. -- Nueva Dheli: Springer, 2007 . - p 649.